Foot Care > Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a chronic injury caused by compression or squeezing of the nerve that provides sensation to the bottom of your foot. This nerve is called the Posterior Tibial Nerve and passes through a fibrous tunnel located behind the bone on the inside of your ankle, known as the Tarsal Tunnel. This syndrome is similar to the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, a painful condition that affects the wrists of so many computer typists.

This nerve is very sensitive to pressure once it becomes compressed or squeezed and can cause a variety of sensations or feelings, Often times the feeling of "pins and needles,"burning or numbness may be felt. Pain may be felt when the area behind the inside of the anklebone is pressed. The feeling of pain and numbness may also be felt when running or standing for long periods of time or even wearing tight shoes, These painful feelings or sensations are often worse at night. In addition to pain directly over the nerve, patients often experience pain, tingling, burning or other unusual sensations through the arch, around to the bottom of the foot or radiating to the toes.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome may be diagnosed by a careful history and physical exam by your doctor. They may touch the course of the nerve with a vibrating tuning fork, or tap the nerve gently with a rubber percussion hammer. If a tingling or shooting pain is felt moving towards the toe, this is called a positive Tinel's Sign and is positive indication that a nerve compression is present. A more sophisticated test may be used to help determine if you have this syndrome. Such tests may include Nerve Conduction Velocity Test, that measures the speed of conduction of nerve signals as they pass through the tunnel. In the case of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome, the nerve impulses pass through the tunnel more slowly than normal. MRI may also be done, to provide an accurate image of the nerve in the tunnel.

The Posterior Tibial Nerve, along with the artery and vein, course behind the inside anklebone, in a tunnel formed by bone, your heel bone and fibrous band. This tunnel is called Tarsal Tunnel, Since the Posterior Tibial Nerve is very sensitive, especially to pressure, it can become compressed within this tunnel. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome may occur after an injury to the foot and ankle. Such injuries include ankle sprains or fracture of certain foot bones. The compression of the Posterior Tibial Nerve may also occur with certain illnesses such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. Varicose veins in the Tarsal Tunnel may also compress the nerve. An excess of certain otherwise normal motion of your foot, called pronation, where your feet roll towards each other, stretch and flattens, may also compress or stretch this nerve. When this happens you should rest and take over the counter anti-inflammatory medications to help calm the inflamed nerve. Over the counter shoe inserts may also help control any excessive motion of your foot that is contributing to the injury, Avoiding certain types of shoes that may be too tight or too flimsy may also help.

Examination for the cause of compression to the nerve and direct treatment accordingly. By reducing or eliminating the nerve. You may be given prescription strength anti-inflammatory medication or a cortisone injection to provide relief, If the cause is abnormal motion of the foot, custom molded orthotics may be provided. If all conservative treatments fail, then surgery may be recommended to release the Posterior Tibial nerve.

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